The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can be torn by hyperextension of the knee joint, or by the application of a large force to the back of the knee with the joint partly flexed. To test for this, you can perform an anterior drawer test, where you attempt to pull the tibia forwards, if it moves, the ligament has been torn. If the medial collateral ligament is damaged, it is more than likely that the medial meniscus is torn, due to their attachment. ![]() Pain on medial rotation indicates damage to the medial ligament, pain on lateral rotation indicates damage to the lateral ligament. It is caused by a force being applied to the side of the knee when the foot is placed on the ground.ĭamage to the collateral ligaments can be assessed by asking the patient to medially rotate and laterally rotate the leg. Injury to the collateral ligaments is the most common pathology affecting the knee joint. It prevents posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur.Ĭlinical Relevance: Injury to the Knee Joint Collateral Ligaments Posterior cruciate ligament – attaches at the posterior intercondylar region of the tibia and ascends anteriorly to attach to the anteromedial femoral condyle.It prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur. It ascends posteriorly to attach to the femur in the intercondylar fossa. Anterior cruciate ligament – attaches at the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia where it blends with the medial meniscus. ![]() In doing so, they cross each other, hence the term ‘cruciate’ (Latin for like a cross)
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